Table 1 Chemical constituents identified from sunflower family (Asteraceae)

Kaempferol

[1-4]

OH

OH

OH

H

OH

[35]

Apigenin

[1-3]

H

OH

OH

H

OH

[35]

Dihydroflavonol

[1-7]

OH

H

H

H

H

[35]

Genistein

[1-6]

–

OH

OH

H

OH

[35]

Genistin

[1-5]

–

OH

Oglc

H

OH

[35]

Daidzein

[1-5]

–

H

OH

H

OH

[35]

Daidzin

[1-5]

–

H

Oglc

H

OH

[35]

Biochanin A

[1-5]

–

OH

OH

H

OCH₃

[35]

Formononetin

[1-5]

–

H

OH

H

OCH₃

[35]

Luteolin

[1-3]

H

OH

OH

OH

OH

[35]

Quercetin

[1-4]

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

[35]

Phenolic acids

R1

R2

R3

R4

[33]

 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA)

[1-8, 1-10]

H

C

H

H

[33]

 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA)

[1-8, 1-10]

H

H

H

C

[33]

 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA)

[1-8, 1-10]

H

H

C

H

[33]

 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid

[1-8, 1-9]

H

H

H

pCo

[33]

 5-O-feruloylquinic acid

[1-8, 1-11]

H

H

H

F

[33]

 3,4-Di-o-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4-diCQA)

[1-8, 1-10]

H

C

C

H

[33]

 3,5-Di-o-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA)

[1-8, 1-10]

H

C

H

C

[33]

 4,5-Di-o-caffeoylquinic acid (4,5-diCQA)

[1-8, 1-10]

H

H

C

C

[33]