Sample matrix | Preconcentration method | Instrument | Linear range (µg/L) | LOD (µg/L) | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pills, human plasma and urine | MIP reinforced by ZnO graphene capped quantum | Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry | 0.01–700.00 µM | 5.72 µM | [1] |
Pharmaceuticals | Silver nanoparticles | Fluorescence spectroscopy | 83.70–8370 | 24.35 | [5] |
Human urine | Not mentioned | HPLC with fluorescence detector | 0.0615–2.40 | 0.05 | [7] |
Pharmaceutical samples | Not mentioned | Spectrophotometer | 412–2884 | 12 | [9] |
Drug | Pencil graphite electrode modified with polypyrrole/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes | Differential pulse voltammetry | 30.44–152.18 | 12.17 | [24] |
Seawater, wastewater, tap water | DES-CNT-PT-µSPE | Spectrophotometer | 1.0–1000.0 | 0.2 | This work |